Leadership Development Plan free essay sample

Take the initiative on new projects that come up . Opens up and communications well with manager What other performance indicators can I notice? * Performance Indicators 1. Sometime gets overwhelmed with stress 2. Heavy workloads tend to cause stress Conclusion * Focus area priorities 1. Develop more confidence when it comes to my written communication 2. Develop more self confidence and courage 3. Stop being so passive in difficult situations What is my desired state? What do I hope to improve/achieve? * Desired state 1. Able to talk and act confidently regardless of what the situation or who Im talking to. Not afraid to voice out my ideas and opinion and willing to try new things and take some risk. Always look for new opportunities rather than walking the common path. Able to influence others and decisions made because I show great confidence. 2. Able to be assertive and take control of situations. Able to press hard for my recommendations, ideas, and decisions. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Development Plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To proactively take the lead in as many situations as possible. Not be passive is difficult situations no matter who is in the room. 3. Able to write with confidence regardless who will be reading my written communication. Able to write without fear of what others think. Develop a good business writing technique. Why do I want to achieve that? What does it give me? * Why do I want it? 1. With confidence, I can achieve new opportunities for myself. I am able to command more respect and others will be able to see my worth. I will dare to try new things and go against the group, which gives me more opportunities for success. With confidence, my true self will, will finally shine through. 2. With assertiveness, I no longer follow other peoples decisions and will. I get to choose for myself and live on my own terms. By being assertive, I command respect from others. I also participate and contribute fully when I am assertive. It further builds my confidence and installs self esteem in me. 3. By being confident in my written communication I will not regret things I have written. I will not write something that could hurt me in the future. I will create better communication between myself and other employees. What are my short term goals? * Short term goals 1. Make 3 new recommendations to my boss every month and get him to seriously consider it. . Speak up in situations, instead of walking away. 3. Attend the written communication class my company is offering. What are my long term goals? * Long term goals 1. Able to command confidence whenever I want, regardless of the situation. Not be affected by setbacks. 2. Have the habit of taking the lead in most situations and being assertive, while at the same time keeping some balance and not being ex treme. 3. Have the ability to show confidence in my writing. Not having to be questioned about my writing because Ill get my point across with the first written communication. Leadership Development Plan free essay sample Introduction With the current ever changing business environment, leaders are required to be strategic and resolute to meet the demands of the business of the environment (Byham, Smith Paese 2002). The purpose of this paper is to create my own personal development plan based on the Central Michigan University (CMU) leadership competency model, leadership theories and personality tests. This will serve as a framework to allow me to identify my own weaknesses and strengths, and develop my leadership capacity, allowing myself to be able to achieve the vision I set for myself and the current business environment. The vision I had for myself is to enter the Marketing Industry, focusing on business development, and ultimately becoming an entrepreneur. Business development has been said to be a synthesis of strategic analysis, marketing and sales (The Editor, 2012). We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Development Plan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The competencies required are ‘strong research skills’, to evaluate the business environment, ‘people and communication skills’, to build partnership and rapport with other organization and with a ‘deal closing instinct’, to ensure closing of sales (The Editor, 2012). This leadership development plan will be helping me in preparing to be a future business development director or an entrepreneur at the end of my career. Lastly, I would seek a Major of the Singapore Armed Forces, who has seen me in a leadership role, to provide feedback on my personal leadership development plan. Central Michigan University Leadership Competency Model The Central Michigan University leadership competency model has identified leaders with several competencies such as skills, behaviors, abilities, knowledge and attitudes (Central Michigan University, 2004). However, they recognized that in reality, it is impossible for every leader to acquire all of those proficiencies, but leaders are required to be aware of their strengths and weaknesses (Central Michigan University 2004). This allows them to further enhance their strengths and choose individuals to compensate for their own shortcomings. This model identifies five dimensions in leadership. The five dimensions are namely: 1. Self-management 2. Leading others 3. Task Management 4. Innovation 5. Social Responsibility (Central Michigan University 2004) Each of the individual dimensions consist of the competencies listed above. Hence, it allows leaders to identify which areas are in need of further development. However, it should be noted that there are three advantages and disadvantages using competency to developed leadership. The advantage of competency models is that it provides ‘Clarity’, ‘Consistency’ and ‘Connectivity’ (Conger Ready 2004). The benefit of ‘Clarity is the most applicable in this paper, as it allows me to fix distinct expectations on the kinds of skills, behaviors, abilities, knowledge and attitudes I wish to have (Conger Ready 2004). The disadvantage of using competency models is that it is ‘Complicated’, ‘Conceptual’ and is based on ‘Current’ environment (Conger Ready 2004). The drawback that is most applicable to this paper is the ‘ideal conception of leadership’. The model believes that an effective leader holds all the core competencies. However, in reality, the nature of leaders is complex, and they are able to hire individuals to compensate for their shortcomings (Conger Ready 2004). Therefore, in this paper, I will focus more on enhancing my strengths. Strength and Weakness The first stage in developing my leadership development plan is to identify my personal forte and flaws that is appropriate to my vision. In doing so, I put myself through the CMU Leadership Competency Assessment (Central Michigan University 2004) and Myer – Brigg Personality test (HumanMetrics 2013). The first assessment I put myself into is the CMU Leadership Competency Assessment (Central Michigan University 2004). The CMU leadership Assessment Report (refer to Appendix A) indicates that I score high on Self-management, average on Task Management, Innovation and Social Responsibilities, and low on Leading Others. By going in depth, I should focus on ‘stress management, ‘enhancing performance’, ‘forecasting’, ‘acting with integrity’, ‘social knowledge’. The above competencies are crucial in giving me a competitive advantage in achieving my vision. However, I am particularly weak in ‘interpersonal awareness’ and ‘solving problems’. The next assessment I took up was the Myer – Brigg Personality test, and the result indicated that I am an ‘ESFP’. This shows that I am an extrovert who enjoys working with others, set realistic goals, and enjoys a flexible and friendly environment (Myers Briggs Foundation 2014). Due to my past experiences when I am serving my national services, I can associate most with the authentic leadership theories. Authentic leaders are said to have a strongly definite purpose for their leadership (George cited in Kerfoot 2006). Their actions are based on their values, actions and words, which are consistent with, and have a common understanding with the followers (Kerfoot 2006). With the personality I have, embracing this style of leadership will be most productive and suitable for me. Leadership Development Plans After identifying my personal forte and shortcomings, this brings us to the main part of the papermy leadership development plans. The leadership development plans that I set for myself will be multi-staged. However, it will be based on the fundamental competencies required to perform in the job. Therefore, the time period of this personal development plan will be based on from two to five years’ time from now. My leadership development plan will focus on strengthening areas such as ‘Stress Management ’, ‘interpersonal awareness’, ‘Social Knowledge’, ‘enhancing performance’ and ‘Forecasting’. I have confidence that by reinforcing my areas of strengths and improving on my weakness, I will not only be a far-reaching leader, but also an individual. The first dimension improving self-management is to further expand my stress tolerance. Stress tolerance is the capability to be able to perform under stressful situations (Central Michigan University 2004). According to Goodman (2013), stress level is built up over time and requires a period to recover. Therefore, to remove the stress inbuilt in my body, I will take up ongoing stress-relieving activities, such as sports and volunteering work. It is also important that I have at least six hours of sleep every night (Goodman 2013) To increase my ability to leading others, I would enhance my ability on interpersonal awareness. One of the methods is to take up psychological course such as the ‘Diploma in psychology’ awarded by Management Development Institute of Singapore (MDIS) to increase my understanding on human behavior and psychological thinking (MDIS 2014; Central Michigan University 2004). This is crucial in increasing my effectiveness in close deals; by understand the body languages and mental process of a person. This also helps me to nurture better relationship with my co-workers and business partners (Central Michigan University 2004). The next dimension that I wish to improve on is social knowledge. One of the methods that I would like to uptake is learning a third language. By understanding a non-native language allows me to communicate both in oral and written form with people who use that language. The third language I would like to learn is Spanish. As more than twenty countries uses Spanish as its official language making it the second most common spoken language in the world (Rosenberg 2013). By learning a new language, it also increases my chance of moving business into Spanish-speaking market or going into a Spanish-speaking country as an expatriate. Lastly, in order to enhance my task management skills, especially in enhancing the performance of my future team. I need to shift my leadership style towards the direction of team management, the scale of 9. 9 based on the Blake and Mouton’s (1982) Leadership Grid. As currently my leadership style is 1. 9, where I using a country club style management. I am more focus on satisfying the needs of my followers. This aligns with the result of my Myer-Brigg personality test, where I wish to work in a flexible and friendly environment, In order to enhance my skills; I can attend short courses such as ‘Managing yourself and leading Others’ by Harvard (Harvard Division of Continuing Education 2014). This purpose of this course is to impart the ability to recognize different perspective that is required to understand the strengths and shortcoming in me and others. This is crucial in management where leaders have to make decisions in uncertain scenario (Harvard Division of Continuing Education 2014). At end of the day, it help is to increase our capability in managing and influence our followers (Harvard Division of Continuing Education 2014). However is noted that attending such a short seminar may not be enough. Therefore I plan to uptake a Master of Science in International Marketing Management that is being offered in Marketing Institute of Singapore (2013). Forecasting is one of the most important skills that are required to be an effective leader (Clayton 2014). However there is not a single perfect forecasting mechanism to predict the future. However there are few changes I can make to improve my ability in forecasting. Firstly, forecasting should be done regularly (Clayton 2014). This helps me to identify mistakes and to account of newly developed factors from the business environment (Clayton 2014). Secondly, forecasting should be done in a team (Clayton 2014). This helps to me to identify factors that I would not notice by myself (Clayton 2014). Lastly, I would need to get advices from other people frequently. This is to ensure groupthink effect would not occur. This can be prevented by talking to clients on the latest trends and events and experts that are in and out of my industry (Clayton 2014). By changing my method of forecasting, it means I got to take up a participative leadership style. As participative leadership allows the followers to influence the leader’s decision during the decision making process (Yukl 2013). According to Vroom and Yetton (cited in Yukl 2013) normative decision model, participative leadership provides a wide range of benefits. It helps to produce a ‘better decision quality’, ‘higher decision acceptance’, ‘higher satisfaction’ and ‘skill development’. By embracing participative leadership styles, it aligns with me being an authentic leader. As is suits with my personality, values where I want to create a flexible and friendly environment to create higher satisfaction and acceptance among my followers. Secondly it also helps to shift my management style towards 9. 9 as mention earlier on based on Blake and Mouton’s (1982) Leadership Grid. Since every human has a need for achievement (McClelland 1976), by having a greater responsibility and autonomy in their work. This will result into a stronger motivational force to perform. Hence a more committed people while having a good team relationship. Feedback from Leader I have sought a professional officer in the Singapore Armed Forces, who I have worked with during my days as a National Serviceman. He has seen me leading my own team to conduct the inaugural Mobilization Exercise for the SAF unit. Having seen him lead a team of NSFs during his tenure, Im confident in his abilities and also He mentions that my deliberate LDP is both targeted and realistic. My LDP consist of two portion, firstly is my self-assessment and secondly, a deliberate LDP. As any personal development plan without an honest assessment of the current short comings would be futile. Therefore my clear and concise self assessment using both the CMU Leadership Competency Assessment and Myer – Brigg Personality test are commendable. My choice to enhance ‘Stress Management ’, ‘enhancing performance’, ‘Forecasting’, ‘Social Knowledge’ and ‘interpersonal awareness’ will serve me well, specifically as a leader of individuals and a contributing core team leader. To achieve these goals, I have chartered a systematic and realistic timeline to accomplish these goals. However entering a business development industry, I have ignored the culture aspect which is deeming as important. As the business world is getting flatter, understanding a new language does not fully allow me to understand a new culture. Incorporate feedback After seeking feedback, I intend to make changes to my LDP. To further improve on my understanding of different cultures, one of the methods is to socialize with different community. As social interaction is a powerful informal tool to help me to understand different customs, tradition and values. This can be done by doing volunteering work or attending social events to widen my social circles. Finalized Timeline development plan The finalized part of this paper is to set the timeline of my development plan and the criteria to evaluate myself. The first dimension that I would change is on Self-management. As mention earlier on, I will exercise regularly, partake on volunteering work and have at least six hours of sleep every night. This will start now and be an on-going process for the rest of my life. The next dimension will be on interpersonal awareness. As the ‘Diploma in psychology’ is a 14 month course, therefore I plan to uptake this course once I complete my probation in my first marketing job. Since this is a foundation of my work requirement and would serve me in the long run. The learning of a third language, Spanish, to improve on my social knowledge will be after I completed my Diploma in psychology. This will occurs around my second or third year of my career. Taking in consideration of the feedback I received, interaction of people in different community will be an on-going process. To improve on my task management skills, attending short courses can occurs during my free times as it does not take much times. The best time I foresee is during my holidays and leaves to enrich myself. However taking up a Master of Science in International Marketing Management, the suitable time would be around the fourth or fifth year of my career, where I foresee myself leading a team of own and I would have completed the course I mentioned earlier on. As forecasting is a change in my leadership style and my methods. This will be an on-going process once I am able to lead my own team. However this can be evaluated over the years by calculating my accuracy in my prediction. The increase of accuracy in my prediction will be deem as I have adequate competencies in this skill. Conclusion In this paper, producing my personal development plan, allows me to further understand on my strengths and weakness, personality and even the type of leadership styles that suits me. Since the LDP is formed towards my vision of being a business development director or entrepreneur at the end of my career. This will serve as a guideline for my own personal development into a more comprehensive individual and as a leader for the next five years.

Native Elements List

Native Elements List Native elements are chemical elements that occur in nature in an uncombined or pure form. Although most elements are found only in compounds, a rare few are native. For the most part, native elements also form chemical bonds and occur in compounds. Here is a list of these elements: Native Elements That Are Metals Ancient man was familiar with several pure elements, mainly metals. Several of the noble metals, such as gold and platinum, exist free in nature. The gold group and platinum group, for example, are all elements that exist in the native state. The rare earth metals are among elements that do not exist in native form. Aluminum - AlBismuth - Â  BiCadmium - CdChromium - CrCopper - CuGold - AuIndium - InIron - FeIridium - IrLead - PbMercury - HgNickel - NiOsmium - OsPalladium - PdPlatinum - PtRhenium - ReRhodium - RhSilver - AgTantalum - TaTin - SnTitanium - TiVanadium - VZinc - Zn Native Elements That Are Metalloids or Semimetals Antimony - SbArsenic - AsSilicon - SiTellurium - Te Native Elements That Are Nonmetals Note gases are not listed here, even though they may exist in pure form. This is because gases are not considered minerals and also because they freely mix with other gases, so you are unlikely to encounter a pure sample. However, the noble gases do not readily combine with other elements, so you might consider them native in that respect. The noble gases include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. Similarly, diatomic gases, such as hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are not considered native elements. Carbon - CSelenium - SeSulfur - S Native Alloys In addition to elements that occur in the native state, there are a few alloys also found free in nature: BrassBronzeElectrumGerman SilverGold-Mercury AmalgamPewterSilver-Mercury AmalgamWhite Gold The native alloys and other native metals were mankinds only access to metals prior to the development of smelting, which is believed to have begun around 6500 BC. Even though metals were known before this, they typically occurred in very small quantities, so they were not available to most people.

Brand management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Brand management - Essay Example In this paper, the writer will characterise Evisu’s efforts at revitalising and reinforcing its brand equity, and provide suggestions as to how the company can rejuvenate its brand equity. Evisu’s history goes back to the 1980s. During the 80s, vintage denim aficionados fanatically pursued methods to make similar replicas of vintage jeans. In 1988, Yamane succeeded in finding and acquiring a classic American shuttle loom that could weave 40 metres daily and make exact copies of vintage denim. The subsequent small output of just 12 pairs of jeans per week heralded the beginning of the Replica Movement. Evisu’s logo and brand identity are linked with the denim revolution. Evisu enjoyed its most successful period in the 1990s to early 2000s. It was hugely popular with celebrities and young people who identified with its unique designs and innovative marketing. It is regularly lauded as the pioneer of high-end, $600 jeans, and the leader of the â€Å"old school† denim movement (Choi, 2014:43). In the mid 2000s, the company faced many challenges associated with financial, creative and competitive aspects, the core components of the fashion industry. Th e tax evasion case it faced in 2006 hurt its PR and finances. In 2006, Evisu’s founder – Hidehiko Yamane – and the company were reported to Japanese authorities on suspicion of tax evasion. Yamane was accused of colluding with two other firms to conceal income totalling over 500 million yen and evading, over three years, income taxes totalling around 160 million yen. This incident severely dented the company’s image, which it had built for decades and sold to millions of people across the world. However, and prior to this case, the company had also been posting unsatisfactory results in terms of brand popularity and financial performances (Rossolatos, 2014:34). An unexpected lull in quality and industry had allowed aggressive brands like Tommy Hilfiger, Calvin Klein, Armani to eat into

Diversity Training in Organizations Research Paper

Diversity Training in Organizations - Research Paper Example versity training, the step by step discussion creates awareness of what the topic entails and informs the reader on the reasons as to why and how diversity training should be embraced. To have in-depth information, the paper has obtained relevant information from available books and scholarly articles. Even though diversity training is much applicable to current organizations, there are many challenges that have not been resolved thus it acts as detrimental a diverse group in a work environment. Whichever the case, organizations ought to appreciate the diverse nature of employees. Diversity has been a developing conception. The term specifically focuses on an individual through societal assemble. According to Kreitz, â€Å"many current writers define diversity as any significant differences that distinguishes one individual from another- a description that encompasses a broad range of overt and hidden qualities† (2007, p. 2). Discrimination in any workforce can be discouraging. It is the aim of any business to eradicate any form of discrimination within the workforce and create an environment that appreciates diversity (Awang, Shafie & Pearl, n.d.). It is quite important knowing that diversity does not necessarily cause differences. Gopta’s definition of diversity says it all â€Å"diversity is generally defined as acknowledging, understanding, accepting, valuing & celebrating differences among people with respect to age, and ethnicity, and gender, physical & mental ability † (2013, p. 36). Organizations are forced to use varied ways of managing diversity. Training is one of the strategies and it varies from one organization to the other. The definition given by an organization depends on how it understands diversity. The workforce diversity has become a major force in the working environment and has called for an immediate focus. Douglas observes that it has become necessary to have diversity initiatives to handle the demographic shift (2007). Diversity training

Sexual Studies in Radways Women, patriarchy, and popular literature Assignment

Sexual Studies in Radways Women, patriarchy, and popular literature - Assignment Example Radway provides a platform to show how romance novels and their characterization of female characters is dynamic. Many romance novels keenly analyze the thought process of the female characters. The structure of the novel relies on explaining the dynamic nature of relationships between men and women. A majority of romance novel plots emphasize on the presence of miscommunication between the hero and heroine. For example, the behavior of the hero, which may be construed as disdain and hostility for the heroine, is usually revealed to be masked feelings of attraction and love. The reinterpretation theme found in romance novels has forced women readers to re-evaluate their heterosexual relationships and reinterpret the actions of their male companions.Question ThreeA core focus of criticism of feministic film has been on the nature of the members of the female audience, and with regards to the pleasure that they derive from viewing alternative films and mainstream movies. Members of the female audience are positioned as being from an outside position and as experiencing pleasure, which is reliant on a woman being the object of another person’s source of desire. Essentially, false pleasure.Mainstream media offers a chance to analyze and identify the dynamics involved in how women are eroticized in film. The films are alluded to social mirrors since they reflect the way that society views women and their roles in society. In film, women are awarded roles that do not emphasize on the content of their speeches.

Market and company analysis of padini

Market and company analysis of padini PADINI started to operate its company in Malaysias apparel industry, manufacturing, trading and supplying garments to order for retailers and distributors. The PADINI Concept Store is a concept store that selling all PADINI Holdings brands in one store or one stop shopping. The first outlet that starting to operate in Malaysia was located in Johor Bharu City Square, a shopping complex in Johor Bharu, Malaysia. After PADINI starting to operate in Malaysia, it becomes one of the major forces to apparel and garments industry in Malaysia. Besides, PADINI involved in the distribution and retail of its own fashion labels through 190 freestanding stores, franchise and consignment counters. The main products that sold by PADINI are formal,fashion wear and accessories. Besides, there are various brands that houses in PADINI and all of them are under PADINI . Every brand represents a fashion philosophy and each of the philosophy involve an extensive range of products aimed at targeted consumer. Their brand image is strongly attached importance to the real value: quality, functionality and price. There are eight unique brands under PADINI, which are PADINI ,PADINI Authentics, PDI, P CO, Seed, Miki, Vincci, and Vincci Accessories. All of the brands targeted consumer is due to both sexes and all ages. However Vincci, and Vincci Accessories are more focused on the flexible tastes of woman consumers on shoes, bags and accessories, and Seed Cafà © have open a new dimension in food operations for its company. Vision PADINI state that their vision is to be the market leader in the retail industry. They will achieve the goal through hard work, discipline and creative endeavour. In long terms, they will continue to maintain their high standard of design and manufacturing quality as well as affordability. Besides, they are also working towards expanding the business on a regional basis. At present, they have a growing presence in their neighbour countries, and we believe that there is great scope for growth. Mission The mission that set by PADINI is to create credible products that meet out target customer requirements but exceed their expectation. PADINI Core Value Caring From The Heart Caring from the heart means every staff of company must treat customers from the heart,staffs must care their customer by providing the best services. PADINIs 7 Culture Speed Simplicity Self- Confidence Communication Team Work Learning Culture Consistency Evolution of PADINI Year 1971-1990 Began operations as Hwayo Garments manufacturers Company, a proprietorship carrying out the manufacturing of ladies garments and wholesaling of the finished products to departmental stores. Expand into the trading textiles. Entered the retail industry with the companys pioneering brand PADINI. The brand VINCCI was created. Children wear was launched under MIKI brand. The SEED and ROPE labels were launched. 1991-2007 Establishment of a holding company, Home Stores Sdn. Bhd., to hold all the groups retail, wholesale and manufacturing business. The name Home Stores sdn. Bhd., was changed to PADINI Holdings Sdn. Bhd. Launched of PADINI AUTHENTICS. PADINI Holdings Sdn. Bhd. Became PADINI Holdings Berhad. PADINI HoldingsBerhad listed on the Second Board of the KLSE. PCO was launched in the second half of the year. PDI was created. The first Concept Stores was opened in Johor Bharu City Square. Seed Cafà © and PADINI Dot Com Sdn. Bhd was set up. Re-launcg of PADINI and Rope to new PADINI Workwear Listed on the Main Board of the KLSE The brand Vincci +. Vincci accessories and brands outlet was launched. STATES LOCATION Selangor AEON Bukit Tinggi Shopping Centre Sunway Pyramid Shopping Mall Ikano Power Centre 1 Utama Phase 2 Shopping Centre IOI Mall Shopping Centre Kompleks Membeli Belah, Aeon Cheras Selatan Johor Bukit Indah Shopping Centre City Square Shopping Centre Jusco Tebrau City Shopping Centre Kuala Lumpur Mid Valley Megamall Pavilion Kuala Lumpur Penang Gurney Plaza Queensbay Mall Melacca Dataran Pahlawan Melaka Megamall Pahang East Coast Mall Perak Kinta City Shopping Centre Sabah Warisan Square Sarawak The Spring Map of PADINII coverage The Location of Padini Concept Stores In Malaysia map_malaysia Segmentation As a listed company with such successful result, undeniably PADINI has done segmentizing in terms of demographic, geographic and psychographic. Demographic segmentation include of dividing the market into groups based on variables likes age, gender family size, income, occupation, education, religion, race and nationality. PADINI has segmentized demographic by focusing on the factor like age, gender, income and occupation as the important factor to do the continuous targeting. PADINI has set up 8 brands, which has covered age from baby up to old ages ,gender with male and also female, income which in the range of RM1000-RM2000,RM2001-RM5000 and RM5001above,and finally occupation like office-worker and others semi formal wear which suit majority occupation. This helps the organization to divide the market into several groups and target each of these groups to enhance the performance of the organization. Next, market segmentation strategy whereby the intended audience for a given product is divided according to geographic units, such as nations, states, regions, counties, cities, or neighborhoods.  PADINI has chosen to focus on states as their geographic segmentation, for instances, Penang, Johor and Kuala Lumpur. Lastly, PADINI has also used Psychographic by dividing the industry into different groups based on social class and lifestyle to do perfect segmentation. Targeting From our research, we can say that the targeting strategies used by PADINI is differentiated marketing where PADINI target several segment by offering different products to satisfy the different groups of customer. The targeted groups of customer are derived from the age range that above 7 to 50 and separated according to age and genders. The following table is showing the different targeted groups by offering different products. Group Age Gender Product Type of product Infants and kids Below 7 Both Miki kids Casual Childrens Above 7 and below 12 Both Seed and PADINI Authentic Fashion stlye Teenagers or youngsters 12 to 18 Both Seed and PADINI Authentic Casual Adult 18 to 30 female P Co Younger style(Trendy) Adult 18 to 40 Both Seed Casual plus classic stylish designed Teenagers or adult 13 to 50 Female Vincci and Vincci Accessories Female Accessories Adult 18 to 50 Both PDI Casual stylish designed Adult 18 to 60 Both PADINI Formal Differentiation Positioning PADINI used the differentiation strategies of product and image to place the product occupies in the consumers minds. The hottest product of PADINI Seed, use the product differentiation in term of design to place the product occupies in the consumers minds. For example, when a consumer want to buy a semi-formal with classic stylish designed, the Seeds product will come into their minds immediately. Besides, Miki kids is also one of the example of product differentiation where the design is specialty for kids. On the other hands, P Co used the image differentiation to place the product occupied in consumers minds. When a consumer want to buy a female clothes with younger style inside the PADINI, the brand of P Co will definitely come into their minds. In short, PADINI use the differentiation of image and product like unique design and brand image to position the products in the consumer minds. Product Consumer Goods  are final goods that are brought from retail stores to satisfy the needs and wants of customers. Products of PADINI falls under consumer product which categorized as shopping products.PADINI itself has other alternatives brands under it. There are PADINI, Seed ,Pdi , PADINI Authentic , PCo, Miki maternity , Vincci , Vincci accessories , Miki kids . The essential of PDI is to emphasis the casual stylish that can be accepted in any occasion. Its purpose to let any guy or girl to get a style fix among the fashion-current jeans, T-shirts, jackets, casual basic-T, belt, socks, scarf and even accessories in a shopper-friendly setting.PADINI is focus more on basic and family lifestyle and aim for anyone who likes and extols casual style. PADINI provides the essential working lifestyle for the modern working man and women. The PADINI collection carries a clean, timeless and modern to the working lifestyle. This brand is focuses on the formal wear and centralize customers base for workers. PADINI has launched out several of tie, belt, shirt and coat. Seed is the confidence of classic and casual plus a refreshing design. Seed emphasize the best of both designs for men, women and even hip kids! The purpose is stand-out style. Seed is focus on urban office-wear for the masses. The clothes under this line are usually jackets, coats, suits, classic office pants and knee-length skirts, semi-formal skirt and belt and also classic jean. In addition to seed cafe, the cafe portrays a bright and contemporary concept which jells with seeds youthful and trendy image. PADINI authentic is more on casually yours. PADINI authentic focus their styleon quality casual wear. Its targets the teenager segment of the market. It sells modern shirt, trendy jean, jackets, shirts and stylish dress. P co is focus on female market and launched all girls skirt, necklace and also hot pants. On the same track where they run ahead in fashions brave new ideas. Women are the largest customer base for P co because they know that women are the most potential customer and most people who are willing to spend money in the fashion. Miki Kids take the message of fun in fashion to every place and occasion. Clothes design with energetic ideas and cheerful colours to charge up every youngster. Miki kids are designed for 1-11 years old infants. This is because infants still have their potential and parents are increasingly willing to spend money on their childs dress. Miki Maternity is designed for fashionable mums-to-be. Miki Maternity has sold all the shirt and dress that suit for the pregnant women at the same time stand out-style. The look of Vincci fun and fashionable, the emphasis is affordable. From head turning hair accessories to trendsetting footwear, must-have handbags to eye catching glasses and fashion-clinching belts. In addition to Vincci accessories carries one of the most extensive lines of accessories from necklaces, bangles, rings and earrings to belts, sunglasses, watches, shoes, bags and more in all the latest styles. Price Pricing are one of the most important elements of the marketing mix, as it is the only mix, which generates a turnover for the organization. Pricing is difficult and must reflect  supply and demand  relationship. Pricing for a product too high or too low could mean a loss of sales for the organization.   Designed of Seed and PADINI are more classic. Both of these brands are premium pricing and especially for relatively high consumption of the customer base. High consumption of the customers base is those who purchase a bundle items in one time. Production of seed and PADINI are much more less than other brand this is because high consumption of the customer base would be lesser. In addition to this, PDI and PADINI authentic and Vincci are much more affordable. Both of these brands are low cost pricing and more focus on the middle class customer base. Product price of these three brands are low and affordable. This is because there are more middle class of customer base compare to high consumption of customer base. PDI ,PADINI authentic and Vincci are attracting many customers due to the low price strategy. Apart from this, the two brands under the MIKI flag are MIKI Kids and MIKI Maternity. Miki maternity pay attention on the fashionable mums-to-be. This brand only focuses on the pregnant women and mums-to-be customers base and Miki kids focus on the children customers base. Product price of this brand is quiet high and is considered as premium pricing. This is due to their customers base not wide enough. Promotion PADINI Holdings Berhad company has different promotion in every seasons . They have different seasons in every years . That is spring ,summer ,fall and holiday . Those products have expensive price will have whole year discount . On the other hand , those products have cheap price only will get discount during season period . PADINI AUTHENTICS promotion will get instant rebate RM30 with purchases of RM150 and RM70 with purchases of RM300 . PDI Promotion will get rebate RM15 with every purchase of RM100 . Followed by , VINCCI ACCESSORIES will get instant rebate RM10 with purchase of RM50 above RM20 with purchase of RM100 above . VINCCI Promotion will get instant rebate RM10 with purchases of RM50 above , RM20 with purchases of RM100 above . SEED Promotion will get rebate RM30 with every purchase of rm150 . PCO Promotion will rebate rm20 with every purchase of rm100 . PADINI Promotion will get rebate RM30 with every purchase of 2pcs . In addition , PADINI GROUP FAIR which known as Mega Carnival Sales will up to 70% discount . This sales will fall on March , August , December every year .Specific terms and condition will be applied on it . During sales period , customers cannot apply for member card . Member card only can apply when no sales proceed . When nearly reach end of sales , PADINI Company will have actual 10 % will add 10 % more discount on it . This is because PADINI company want clear the stock , and they want to push the sales. A companys total promotion mix is also called marketing communications mix . It consists advertising , sales promotion , public relations , personal selling , and direct-marketing tools that the company uses to persuasively communicate customer value and build customer relationships . One of the hardest marketing decisions facing a company is how much to spend on promotion . How does a company decide on its promotion budget ? There are four common methods used to set the total budget for advertising . There are the affordable method , the percentage of sales method , the competitive parity method and the objective and task method . Affordable method is to set the promotion budget at the level management thinks the company can afford . Followed by , percentage of sales method is set the promotion budget at a certain percentage of current or forecasted sales or as a percentage of the unit sales price . Competitive parity method is set the promotion budget to match competitors outlays . Placement Concept Store bring the all in one concepts . So that , customers will be convenient to shop at there . Varienty of modern style can be choose by customers . All they need are inside one shop . Most of the brands outlet will located at the shopping mall instead of hypermarket . Because of the design of shopping mall more attractive . So that can attract more customers . PADINI is one of the most well-known brands in Malaysias multibillion garment industry. A brand leader involved in the distribution and retail its own fashion labels through 180 freestanding stores and in-house outlets. This includes our multi-brand stores of PADINI Concept Store and Brands Outlet. PADINI have many branches in Malaysia . In Malaysia , it divided into two parts . That is west and east . Shopping mall will be choosen as the location where the PADINI Concept store at . This is because shopping mall has more people . For example , Queensbay Mall , Gurney Plaza .It will choose only mall which is more trendy for that city . PADINI has two types of shops. It has brands outlet and PADINI concepts store . The purpose of having PADINI concepts shops is because of the concept one-stop-shopping. With all brands within reach in just one store, the shopping option is set to create a fashion revolution. In addition, certain brands specialize in items such as Graphic Tees, Polo-Tees and Pants. With such a wide variety of styles and labels, Concept Store not only caters to everyone irrespective of age, gender or taste, it also allows shoppers to mix and match effortlessly within one location,maybe by matching with different brands merchandise to fulfill own required style.The brands are PADINI, Seed, Vincci, PDI, PADINI Authentics, P Co, Miki Kids Miki Maternity. Whereas , brands outlet is the latest exciting concept from PADINI group . Already a fashion force in Malaysia with brands such as PADINI, Seed,PDI, Vincci and PCo., the group decided to introduce a shopping experience with a difference based on key ide as of convenience, quality, variety and affordability. Concept Store can be found at Aeon Bukit Tinggi (Klang), Ampang Point (Kuala Lumpur), IOI Mall (Puchong), Ikano Power Centre (Mutiara Damansara; flagship store), Aeon Bukit Indah (Johor Bahru), Dataran Pahlawan Mall (Melaka), East Coast Mall (Kuantan) and Queensbay Mall (Penang). Recommendation After the overall marketing research regarding this company, we would make some recommendation about the product, market development, marketing technique, public promotion and sales rules and regulation. Talking about the product, PADINI has never come out with unisex merchandise, as my experience as promoter in this company, I always get this question from customer .Also, I would suggest PADINI may make some couple design since the company is already well-establised,these two product may probably open a new market to new young generation as their target,the company may choose the A outlet to do market testing by coming out limited quantity. Next,for market development, I would say PADINI can actually start planning to come out a 10Years-proposal which target to open concept-store and brands outlet in all the main city or central of city in Malaysia,for example kuching in Sarawak and Labuan in Sabah.Next the company may also issue share or debentures to public to increase their development in local ,if the company has built strong reputation and already very stable in local market,then they will be able to open oversea market after 10 years. While for marketing technique, we can see PADINI has not yet to explore in the online buying.I suggest PADINI can set up a blog which contain all brands product. Before that, perhaps the company must set up a IT department to do IT support for future transaction and create a IT system to company. They may co-operate with some banks to offer discount by using online banking service. On the other hands, PADINI can also cooperate with some local distributors in the Malaysia like Citi-link or Sky Net to send out the order. Every transaction made by the customer will be shown a payment statement and it was guaranteed by the bank. Besides, the distribution of the order will directly send to the stated address according to the information stated on the order form by the customer. Then, since PADINI is already well-known in fashion industry,I believe they are able to do a fashion show by hiring professional model,wearing their new products and having a fashion show .The company may invite some fashion professional ,helping to to advertising and promote their company. Besides, the company can organize a model show or competition by wearing their new products in specific mall like Gurney or Mid Valley, this will cost lesser.Furthermore, PADINI can sponsor to some well-known ladies magazine with conditions that include few pages which advertising about PADINI new products in every publicatioj of magazine,for example Vogue and Nirvana Women. Historical Net Profit of PADINI From Year 2004- 2010 untitled The histogram above showed that the net profit of PADINI from the year 2004- 2010. We can see that, the net profit of PADINI is dramatically increase from 2004- 2010 with the percentage of 1% to 12.2%. Besides, PADINI state that they forecast an average annual net profit growth of 10% in year 2011 and 2012 because of the demand for the PADINI products due to their strong branding and strategic store locations, as well as improved efficiency of warehousing, inventory management, design and product mix. Stock Split 7052 Besides, PADINI also carry out the stock split program to make its stock price cheaper than before in 5 times at 6 January 2011, being the market day after the books closing date. Share split involving the subdivision of each ordinary share of RM0.50 each held in PADINI Holdings Berhad into five ordinary shares of RM0.10 each. This action is to attract more investor to invest into their company. PADINI HOLDINGS BERHAD (History earnings, dividends and share price) CHART.bmp

Struggle Between Hindu and Secular Nationalisms in India Essay

Struggle Between Hindu and Secular Nationalisms in India India holds a prominent place in the history of imperialism and decolonization, making recent events in this country of nearly one billion especially important to the current day citizen. India also faces problems associated with accommodating religion and diversity within a large federal republic, making their experience important for Americans concerned with these issues. India faces growing action of governing which invites the use of violence to achieve political objectives. In spite of India's size and importance, it is hard for an American to gain an understanding of the issues and conflicts which have set the stage for the most recent revival of Hindu nationalism. The central feature of this new reform in Indian federal politics is the clash between Hindu and secular nationalists. The overview of this situation comes from the perspective of an American born Indian student interested in Indian history and federal systems, so the observations are intended as suggestions designed to encourage more progressive work both in India and the United States. While the prominence of Hindu themes affects many levels of Indian government, this paper will focus only on India's central government on Hindu Nationalism. This conflict is crucial to understanding the current situation in India. Indian democracy and secularism face a menace from the forces of militant Hinduism which hope to turn India into a Hindu state. What is the nature of the present challenge to secularism in India? What do Hindu nationalists hope to achieve by making their government more assertively Hindu? One can begin to answer these questions by examining the large body of writing on secularism recently produced by Indians. Academics, lawyers, journalists, and political citizens have explored the many facets of Indian secularism. These works provide clues to the nature of Hindu nationalism's appeal in contemporary Indian politics. These writings are interesting for what they reveal about India and its versions of nationalism. Sudipta Kaviraj, a scholar from Jawaharlal Nehru University, admits that, "among those who consider themselves secular individuals there is an intensifying sense of crisis†. What are the criticisms of secularism which lead to the perception of a predicament? At first glance, the challenge appears minuscule, ... ...d world", comparisons to the United States may prove more fruitful. Second, excessive use of historical analogy from other periods in time runs the risk of incorporating outmoded assumptions regarding development stages so prominent in modernization theory. India's current problems relate directly to developments in this phase of world history; one could go so far to say that India's problems foreshadow those the United States is likely to face when the resources used to lubricate the machinery of a diverse federation can no longer be borrowed. Furthermore, those familiar with the constitutional debate over the separation of church and state in the United States and Stephen Carter's recent book The Culture of Disbelief: How American Law and Politics Trivialize Religious Devotion understand that questions regarding religion and politics are by no means confined to the so-called "developing" world. Rather than grappling with issues already solved by Western countries, India faces dilemmas associated with the modern state. Understanding India's experien ce in confronting these problems may provide unanticipated insights into problems faced by federal government in the United States.

Equality and Diversity Essay

It would be very discouraging for children to be subjected to discriminatory beliefs that are held by either myself or other teachers for example my cousin wanted to be a ballet dancer when he was a child but after teasing from other members of the family suggesting that dancing is only for girls and gay men he did not continue to attend classes. This was something that he regrets as it was a dream of his and now he has grown up he wishes he had been encouraged to dance. By taking any of families or, friends or even my own beliefs in to school is unfair on the children I am there to support. They could be made to feel that if because of their background or who they are means they cannot aspire to be what they want to be so will not reach to achieve their full potential.As with another example my father-in-law is sexist and believes that a woman’s place is in the home cooking, cleaning and looking after the children and if I was to take that to school with me I could treat the girls differently dismissing their work and only encouraging the boys, giving the girls the false idea of they are not good enough. For example: â€Å"Both men and women teachers have low expectations of girls intellectual skills’ since it is thought that girls are inherently less intelligent than boys† (www.right-to-education.org) The support I give the children should be fair and equal in order for every child to feel safe, an equal part of society and that they are worthwhile. Each child should feel that their opinions count and that they have a voice that should be heard, they should not feel excluded or feel that they can exclude any other person because their race, religion, background, sex as this can affect their self-esteem, their confidence and will in turn effect their learning as proved by Jane Elliot in the â€Å"brown eyed-blue eyed experiment† (The Eye of The Storm) in 1968 where the children wearing the collar (to show they were the lesser pupils) took longer than they did the day before when they weren’t wearing the collars in a card pack reading practice. The children had low expectations of themselves and their body language changed (they looked shrunkeninto themselves). To challenge discriminatory behaviour there are many different methods that could be used for different types of discrimination for example if I heard a child being racist, calling each other names such as â€Å"paki† I would go to them straight away and say: â€Å" Excuse me children I heard what you just said why are you calling each other names?†Ã¢â‚¬Å" We don’t use language like that at school how do you think that has made Ron feel?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"What do you think would be right thing to say to him†. It is my responsibility and I am legally obliged as a T.A to challenge any kind of discriminatory behaviour. If there were problems in the playground at lunchtime when the boys were excluding the girls from football at lunchtime I could make changes to the playground so I would have an assembly to explain to the children why they would be having a week plan for the use of the footballing area and it would be as follows: Monday: Girls only netball. Tuesday:Boys only football.Wednesday: Mixed netball.Thursday: Mixed football.Friday: Something completely diffrerent, a team building game to get them working together.After this I would find from them what has worked well and what hasn’t.If children in year7 were sending offensive emails I would use the computer to suite to get them to research the consequences of their actions which they will then present to the class or in assembly. This would give them an insight into how such behaviour can affect the victims, they would also be made to apologise to the person or people they were harassing.| | In conclusion by not discriminating we give every child the same opportunities and support them equally, every child has the same right to an education no matter their background, race, religion, sex or disability. Children will have confidence in who they are and will be more productive in the classroom.| | Excellent and thoughtful answer. This also covers 4.2.5 – just add this at the top of the page. SJ 4.3.13

Principles And Values That Underpin Health Care Essay

This week I spent time at Kings College hospital in order to understand the ethical considerations of a nurse’s job. â€Å"As a nurse at Kings College Hospital you have to take into account Ethical Considerations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ in my interview with Sister Malcolm we will be discussing ethical considerations like right to life, social justice, person-centred approach, the expectations of individuals receiving the service, empathy, honesty and adherence to codes of practice and policies and seeing how they impact her job. Right to life means the right to live, as a nurse right to life means preserving some one’s life for as long as possible even if they want to die. For example, all nurses and doctors at Kings College hospital should do everything they can to keep a person alive if it’s possible. But things like a ‘DNR’ (do not resuscitate) form make it impossible for a doctor to save someone’s life No doctors would help a person die because it is illegal to have euthanasia in the UK. Some people who wish to end their lives have  gone to Switzerland to end their lives in utter peace. A person-centred approach means an approach to assessment of need that puts the individual at the centre of the process and is based on their views and wishes. For me as a nurse a person-centred approach or as we say ‘patient-centred approach’ means making sure my patient comes first, that they are comfortable system that creates a fair, honest and equal society. As a nurse this means treating all your patients equally as well as colleagues no matter of their ethnicity, religion or culture. For example all patients are included in decisions about their health, such as which hospital they receive their treatment at. Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another, in my line of work we have to be sympathetic and have empathy towards all our patients no matter our opinion on the situation, whilst being empathetic. At King’s College Hospital the staff must remain professional at all times but  they say that it’s hard not to empathise with some patients especially when you see that they are distressed and don’t know how to deal with a situation. Honesty means the quality of being honest this means at every point and aspect of my job I have to be honest. Doctors have to be completely honest with all their patients as not giving them all the information could put them in danger they have to tell them what the problem is exactly and explain it and they have to inform them of what treatments are available. Adherence to codes of practice and policies this is the foundation of nursing, they are the rules we abide by in order to keep ourselves and our patients safe, this is called safeguarding, the codes of practice are; make your patients your first concern/priority, provide a high standard of practice and care at all times and you must be accountable for your actions, these are the key tools in my profession if I couldn’t abide by these rules then there would be no hope for me. The expectations of individuals receiving the service these are the expectations of which the service provider should deliver as a service user to be treated with respect, to be treated as an individual, to not be discriminated against, to be allowed access to information about themselves, to be able to communicate using their preferred method of communication and language, cared for in a way that meets their needs and takes into account their personal choices. However all patients need to be treated as an individual. This means that they want to be treated as a person and have their needs seen to and not feel like their part of a mass operation, and that their needs aren’t being met. For example making sure a patient receives a meal option suited to their diet. For instance if their vegetarian they are given a vegetarian option. At Kings College Hospital, all service users are allowed to access information about themselves. The Freedom of Information Act states that all patients are allowed access to their personal health records. For example,  if a service user is applying for a job, their GP may be asked to provide details to their new employers to see if they are eligible for the job. All patients are entitled to privacy this is to ensure that they are comfortable at all times, for example if the patient has to change into a gown for examination the nurse/doctor should leave the room to so to protect both the patient and the nurse/doctor, this is also a sign of respect for the patient and it makes them feel like their needs are being met. Communication is another key point between the service user and the service provider patients should be communicated with in their preferred language this will make sure everything runs smoothly and for example if you had someone come in that was hearing-impaired then there should be someone on hand that can sign this make the service user feel like he/she is being cared for and that they have equal opportunities. Both service users and service providers have the right to be in a safe environment and to be protected from any harm; this means that King’s College have an enforced health and safety policy. This outlines the rules and regulations, and the actions that need to be taken if there is an accident. At Kings College hospital support in a way that meets their needs and takes account of their choices is when the service user has enough confidence to express their feelings or share information with the service provider. It is important for service providers to provide active support to help people communicate what their needs are. In order to overcome this, they could provide a questionnaire, for the patient to fill out and give feedback about how the service/treatment they received was and if they received the amount of care that they needed. At Kings College they believe that all patients have the right to be treated in a dignified way this is because they have the right to feel respected and taken care of, if they feel disrespected or vulnerable then they may not want to open up about their medical problem and this may stop them from  receiving the treatment that they need. Disclosure is the passing of information between healthcare professionals, for example your GP passing on information to your hospital doctor so they can give you the right treatment. However if the patient disagrees with this and the nurse still shares the patients information, this is known as breaching confidentiality. This can have a negative impact on not only the service provider but the health care service as a whole. For example as a precaution GP’s are no longer a loud to leave messages on your phone regarding your health. Confidentiality is keeping information private and not disclosing it to anyone else apart from those involved in the patients care. It is key when working with service users within the health and social care sector. However if the doctor/nurse gives out private information about the patient, then there will be serious consequences. This refers to The Requirements of the Freedom of Information Act. This is a legislation that patients have the right to look at information about their selves. Another part of confidentiality is If a person comes to the hospital with bruises and marks on their skin, then the service provider knows that their something wrong. However if the service user tells the nurse/doctor what has been happening and they say that the service provider shouldn’t tell, they will need to tell social services and this can cause tension between rights of patients and the responsibilities of the service provider. Information of patients is kept on computers as well as on paperwork and files. Whichever way the information is stored, it needs to be stored in a safe place, where no one has access to it, that way it remains confidential. They need to make sure that the file can be retrieved when needed. The use of communication to support diversity, inclusion and promote equality of opportunity is important when working in a hospital; this allows the hospital to accommodate for people of all ethnicities, ages, sex etc†¦ this could be posters and signs in different languages to providing food to cater for vegans. This promotes equality amongst the service users because they  feel like their individual preferences and needs are being met. The requirements of the Data Protection Act 1998 that all information is securely kept so that that only those that need to access it can because otherwise it would conflict with the requirements of the Freedom of Information Act 2005 this is the freedom for service users to have access to their medical notes if requested at any time, they cannot be withheld. Dealing with tensions between rights and responsibilities is a tough decision to be made by a medical professional; because if a patient comes into the hospital with bruises and tells you that they are being abused and they ask you to keep it a secret then as their healthcare provider you cannot do this even though it’s a breach of patient doctor confidentiality but as a healthcare provider you have to inform the correct authorities so they can take action and this can cause tension between rights and responsibilities. The Importance of accurate recording, storage and retrieval of information (including electronic methods), filing correctly and securely is important in the healthcare service because this is confidential information about individuals, and they have entrusted you with this information, so it should be stored in safe place and be able to be accessed easily by the right individuals if needed. These documents should be filled in a secure facility preferably in more than one place so that if one set is destroyed there is another. It is Important that workers make sure they make accurate recordings and Information on patients is kept on computers as well as on paperwork and files. Provision of active support to enable people who use services to communicate their needs, views and preferences away in which the patient can put their views across is buy putting suggestions in a suggestion box, filling out a questionnaire or posting a complaint if the problem is serious and needs to be dealt with straight away, and offer a resolution for the problem. The hospital will promote equality of opportunity. This means they give everyone the opportunity to voice their opinions in hospitals they have posters and leaflets all around the building in many different languages. Another part of being a nurse means respecting, and treating patients equally and not being discriminated against this is important because we want patients to feel comfortable and like they trust the nurses and doctors who are caring for them, all patients no matter the gender, sexuality, race etc†¦ will be treated equally and receive the same care and support.

Computer Viruses and Hoaxes essays

Computer Viruses and Hoaxes essays Computer Viruses and Hoaxes: How To Protect Against Them There are over 30,000 known computer viruses and new viruses are being written every day. The number of computer hoaxes (lies) is not as high as the number of viruses, but for the many computer users, who may believe the false information, hoaxes can cause them a lot of emotion and wasted time. The hoaxes are annoying but, if the user can recognize them, can be easily deleted. It is the threat of a computer virus that is the most important to a user because no system is immune to a virus infection. There are methods for detecting a virus, eliminating it and protecting the system from further trouble. A computer virus is a piece of software designed to enter a system and infect the files. A virus will duplicate itself and try to infect as many files and systems as possible. If the hard disc is infected and the user saves a file to disk, it will probably infect the disk and will be passed on to other systems that use the infected disc. On the other way, if a virus-infected disk is introduced to the system, it will infect the system. (What Is A Virus? 1) There are four main types of computer viruses; boot sector, file or program, macro, and multipartite. The boot sector viruses are usually transmitted by an infected floppy disk that is left in the disc drive and then the system is rebooted. The virus is then read from the floppy to the master boot record of the hard drive and when the computer is booted up, the virus goes into the systems memory. (Types Of Viruses 1) File or program viruses are pieces of viral code that attach themselves to executable programs. Once the infected program is run, the virus is transferred to your systems memory and may replicate itself further (Types of Viruses 1). The macro viruses are the most common because they infect files run by applications that use macro languages (Microsoft Word or E...

Anthropology kinship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Anthropology kinship - Essay Example The topic is about the kinship and bonds formed between foreign students of the same ethnicity or background that met at university in the united states. I wanted to talk about how foreign students from the same country or ethnicity have the tendency to immediately form their own group of people due to ethnicity and kinship.Culture and Classification. One of the goals of social anthropology is to acquire gain an understanding of how and why human beings interact with each other and with their environment. And Kinship is what deals with interaction oh humans with each other. One important idea that contributes to this understanding of kinship is what anthropologists term as culture. One of the many ways that anthropologists use culture is to refer to systems of shared ideas among a group of people.By system we mean that there is some similarity or regularity to the way that ideas, and concepts are shared. There are various possible ways this sharing could happen.The same language, spi rituality or religious belief can be a system that connects two minds. KINSHIP The study of kinship is the greatest common denominator across the various parts of social anthropology. Kinship was one of the first fields where anthropologists discovered social structure and logical patterns The unparalleled pioneer in the field of kinship studies was the 19th century American anthropologist, Lewis Henry Morgan; later, French structuralists and British structural functionalist carried on the tradition. Kinship brought about opportunities to map cultural variation within a relatively well-bounded empirical field, and hence, it was a perfect point for making comparative conclusions. In societies which are egalitarian, kinship often works as a kind of universal institution, which organizes everything from economy to religion. Before embarking upon a discussion on "why kinship and bonds are formed between foreign students of the same ethnicity or background that met at university in the United States. " , lets revise the definitions of ethnic group, ethnicity, nationalism. Ethnicity "Ethnicity seems to be a new term", state Nathan Glazer and Daniel Moynihan (1975: 1).Both of them also pointed to the fact that the term appeared in dictionary for the first time in 1972 in Oxford English Dictionary. In 1953,American sociologist David Riesman,first used this word. The word "ethnic" is much older. Derived from the Greek ethnos (which in turn derived from the word ethnikos), "ethnic" which originally meant heathen or pagan (R. Williams, 1976: 119). But from mid 19th century, it gradually began to be associated with "racial" characteristics. It was around Second World War, that the United States started using the word as a polite term to refer to Jews Italians, Irish and other people considered inferior to the dominant group of largely British descent. While, in everyday language, "ethnicity" carries a meaning of " minority issues" and "race relations", but in social anthropology, "ethnicity"means aspects of relationships between groups which consider themselves, and are regarded by others, as being culturally distinctive. While,it is true that "the discourse concerning ethnicity tends to concern itself with subnational units, or minorities of some kind or another" (Chapman et al., 1989: 17),majorities are no less"ethnic " than minorities. In the United States, "ethnics" came to be used around the Second World War as a polite term referring to Jews, Italians, Irish and other people considered inferior to the dominant group of largely British descent. None of the founding fathers of sociology and social anthropology - with the partial exception of Max Weber - granted ethnicity much attention. WHY FOREIGN STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITY IN AMERICA MINGLE Ethnic groups tend to possess myths of common origin, and they nearly always have ideologies promoting endogamy(marrying within the same social group,

Major Educational Issues in Further Education Essay

Major Educational Issues in Further Education - Essay Example All these issues are current concern to further education. Further Education has, therefore, become not only a national but also an international movement in view of its widespread global application. From among all above mentioned issues of further education, more important one appears to be specially the context of retention and achievement - its ever dynamic enhancement and persistent maintenance of higher standards. This is not possible without pupil-teachers -- at City & Guilds Certificate on Further Education Teaching Stage 2 - perfecting their teaching-learning skills. Two questions arise while writing about this matter: According to Learning and Skills Council (LSC), overall level of retention and achievement generally varies between 66 to 87 per cent among youth of 16 to 19 years (Government of United Kingdom, LSC) after due training. What is more important here is maintaining a consistent performance on the higher side of teaching and learning through dynamic and skilful efforts towards an excellent retention and achievement levels. How it is to be done S. Wallace has an interesting and revealing perspective in this matter. This author writes quite analytically: For a student teacher, or a teacher at the beginning of his or her career, it is usually (and understandably) the case that the focus of his or her anxieties, and therefore his or her planning, is upon the performance of teaching rather than upon the achievement of learning. I use the word 'performance' here advisedly, because the inexperienced or student teacher tends to envisage a lesson as a time to be filled by his or her own activity. They have to be 'teaching' all the time - which can mistakenly be taken to mean doing all the talking, making themselves the constant focus of the class, having to fill any potential silence with words. This, ironically, may mean the students have less opportunity to learn and that the teacher has no time to focus on whether they are doing so. If we remember, however, that the primary objective is about students' learning and that this, after all, is what all the teaching is for, we can begin to adjust our focus and to recognise that the careful pl anning, implementation and recording of assessment are central to what the lesson is about. It's not just about teaching; it's about learning. The teaching is only a means to that end (Wallace 64). Retention and achievement are clearly related to teaching and learning skills and maintaining quantitative alongwith qualitative levels of excellence through further education, continued and periodic updating of skills, and use of every possible tool for obtaining information, knowledge, experience and continuous self-assessment. How to impart information and knowledge is